The private sector in most African countries plays critical role to helping the continent reach its full economic and social potential, according to the latest African Development Report published by the African Development Bank (AfDB) in May 2012.
The sector is now poised to become the main engine of growth
for the African continent, after being hamstrung for decades by difficult
political and economic conditions and burdensome government policies, AfDB
president Donald Kaberuka says in the report which examines the challenges
facing the sector’s development and highlights ways to address these
challenges, taking country differences into account.
“The African Development Bank is committed to addressing the
constraints of private sector development, Mr Kaberuka said, adding: “We believe that private sector development
is fundamental for creating inclusive growth through employment creation.”
The private sector is also a provider of essential goods and
services to the public and a key source of the revenues African countries need
to meet their development challenges.
Having promoted development of the sector for more than 40
years, the AfDB has made private sector development one of the four priorities
of its Medium Term Strategy (MTS) for 2008-12, along with infrastructure,
governance, and higher education.
In order to generate a greater developmental impact, the
AfDB is integrating private sector development across all its operations with
threefold objectives.
The objectives, according to the report, are supporting
regional member countries in improving business enabling environments and
strengthening their international competitiveness; broadening participation and
inclusion in the private sector and supporting local enterprise development for
spurring robust employment creation and improving social well-being; and
encouraging the embodiment of social and environmental responsibility,
sustainability, and good corporate citizenship in private sector development.
Though the private sector helps to reduce poverty, reliable
statistics on private sector activities in African countries are scarce.
Most of the activities are informal, carried out by micro,
small and medium enterprises.
Among its other findings, the report says, laws and
regulations critical for private sector development and corporate governance
were undermined by poor monitoring and enforcement.
“Developing Africa’s infrastructure at the pace necessary to
unleash its economic potential requires a concerted effort to improve planning,
preparation, and procurement capacities in line ministries and relevant sector
units; mobilize financial resources; and adopt a regional approach to infrastructure
development,” says the report.
Africa’s private sector accounted for more than 80 per cent
of total production, two-thirds of total investment, and three-fourths of total
credit to the economy over the 1996-2008 period.
It was also responsible for 90 per cent of formal and
informal employment.
Although the private sector in African countries faces
common challenges, the impact of these constraints varies according to the
stage of economic development.
Fundamentally, the constraints include insufficient
transport networks and lack of access to power and finance.
Challenges also differ by type of firm, with large companies
being more concerned about corruption, skill shortages and labour regulations,
while export-oriented businesses place tax administration at the top of their
list.
“These systemic factors are of less importance for small
firms, which find the lack of access to (and high cost of) finance,
insufficient collateral, and the business owner’s limited technical, management
and accounting skills, to be more binding.
“The most severe challenge for microenterprises is access to
finance, with those in AfDB countries also constrained by business licensing
procedures,” the report points out.
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