Presently,
40 million of Africa’s youths are unemployed and this represents 60 per cent of
the continent’s unemployed active labour force, the African Economic
Outlook 2012, released on 31st May 2012.
The report says of these 40 million youths, 22 million
have given up on finding a job, many of them women.
“Creating productive employment for Africa’s rapidly
growing young population is an immense challenge but also the key to future
prosperity”, the authors say in the foreword.
Co-written by the African Development Bank, the OECD
Development Centre, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
and the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the report says youth are an
opportunity for future economic growth.
Between 2000 and 2008, despite world-topping economic
growth rates, and a better educated youth, Africa created only 16 million jobs
for young people aged between 15 and 24.
“The continent is experiencing jobless growth,” said
Mthuli Ncube, Chief Economist and Vice-President of the African Development
Bank (AfDB). “That is an unacceptable reality on a continent with such an
impressive pool of youth, talent and creativity”.
The report argues youth unemployment figures will
increase unless Africa moves swiftly to make youth employment a priority,
turning its human capital into economic opportunity. On the other hand, youths
can present a significant threat to social cohesion and political stability if
they do not secure decent living conditions.
High growth alone is not sufficient to guarantee
productive employment. Youth employment is largely a problem of quality in
low-income countries and one of quantity in middle-income countries, the report
says.
“In low-income countries, most young people work but
are poor nevertheless. In African middle-income countries, on the other hand,
such as South Africa or the Northern African countries, despite better
education, more youth are inactive than working”, said Mario Pezzini, Director
at the OECD Development Centre.
The report recommends that African countries design
better coordinated strategies to effectively tackle youth employment, focusing
on job creation in the private sector while providing the right conditions for businesses
of all sizes to grow and expand their work force.
In addition, given the small size of the formal sector
in many African countries, the report finds that a government focus on the
informal sector and rural areas, which contain immense entrepreneurial talent,
can serve as engines for inclusive growth since they can absorb higher numbers
of unemployed youths.
It also advocates for policies focused on creating the
skills that are necessary for youths to compete in the job market, for instance
by improving the quality of education in agriculture and new technologies.
Increased policy focus on youth employment must be
coupled with measures to boost investments in social and economic
infrastructure and diversify the continent’s economy.
“Export diversification beyond raw material and
private sector development are important to mitigate the continent’s
susceptibility to external shocks, but that takes time”, said Emmanuel
Nnadozie, Director of Economic Development at UNECA.
With the right policies in place, the continent could
capitalize on its recent economic growth to achieve a development breakthrough.
“Youth employment is an investment in the future. It
contributes to reducing poverty, wealth creation, well-being and social
cohesion,” said Pedro Conceição, Chief Economist at UNDP’s Regional Bureau for
Africa.
The African Economic Outlook presents a comprehensive
analysis of the economic, social and political developments in the region. The
report includes in-depth country notes on 53 of the continent’s 54 economies, a
macroeconomic overview.
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